Debian 13 "Trixie"

Product Introduction

1. Debian 13 "Trixie" is a free, community-developed Linux distribution designed for stability, security, and broad hardware compatibility, serving as the foundation for enterprise systems, personal computing, and embedded environments.
2. Its core value lies in providing a fully open-source, rigorously tested operating system that prioritizes reliability, long-term support, and adherence to free software principles while integrating modern software stacks.

Main Features

1. Official support for riscv64 architecture enables deployment on cutting-edge RISC-V processors, expanding Debian’s reach into emerging embedded and high-performance computing platforms.
2. System hardening against Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) attacks through compiler-level protections and kernel security enhancements for amd64 and arm64 architectures.
3. HTTP Boot support in the installer allows network-based installations without physical media, leveraging modern UEFI firmware capabilities for enterprise-scale deployments.

Problems Solved

1. Addresses evolving security threats by implementing proactive memory protection mechanisms and deprecating vulnerable cryptographic standards like DSA keys in OpenSSH.
2. Serves system administrators requiring stable long-term deployments, developers needing modern toolchains (Python, Perl, GCC), and organizations transitioning to 64-bit time_t for future-proof timestamp handling.
3. Facilitates cloud and container workflows with prebuilt images while resolving legacy issues like MIPS architecture removal and armel phase-out to streamline maintenance.

Unique Advantages

1. Unlike commercial Linux distributions, Debian enforces strict adherence to free software guidelines while maintaining compatibility with non-free firmware via separate repositories.
2. Introduces reproducible builds for 98% of packages, enabling cryptographic verification of binary integrity across diverse build environments—a critical feature for security-sensitive deployments.
3. Outperforms competitors in architectural diversity with 10 officially supported platforms, including experimental ZFS root support and enterprise-ready secure boot configurations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. How do I upgrade from Debian 12 (bookworm) to Trixie? Perform a full system backup, update existing packages to the latest bookworm release, modify APT sources to target trixie, then execute apt update && apt full-upgrade with root privileges.
2. Why does my system show warnings about armel or MIPS architectures? Trixie drops support for MIPS entirely and marks armel as deprecated; users must migrate to arm64 or alternative architectures before upgrading.
3. How does the new tmpfs-based /tmp affect my system? The /tmp directory now uses volatile memory storage by default, requiring applications to explicitly persist temporary data and ensuring automatic cleanup on reboot.
4. What changes were made to OpenSSH in Trixie? OpenSSH 10.0 removes DSA key support and disables ~/.pam_environment parsing for SSH sessions, mandating migration to Ed25519 or RSA keys for authentication.
5. How much disk space is required for /boot during upgrades? Systems using GRUB with multiple kernel versions need at least 1.5GB free in /boot to accommodate new initrd images and kernel packages during the upgrade process.